Clay animation

UP- Cut out animation

The History of Animation

Cut Out Animation: Style Characters Overall Effect

Angela Anaconda: was made with children as their target audience with an age of 5-11 years old. the style

South Park Pilot

Hedgehog and the fog

Stop Motion Animation: Drawing

Stop Motion

The process of stop motion consists of a series of singular images played one after the other at a minimum of 12 frames( pictures) per second (fps) but most are filmed at 24 FPS to give the impression its a single moving image. trick of the eye. 12 FPS is the minimum frames due to the flicker fusion threshold. The flicker fusion threshold means that is the image drops below 12 FPS there will be a noticeable flicker between image losing the illusion of the moving image.  

Persistence of vision is what allows the illusion to work, our brains hold on to an image for a fraction of a second allowing the next to appear before you lose the previous, so if a series of  images are played quickly one after the other it creates the overlapping giving the impression of the moving image

Videos in the UK film at 25FPS and Videos in the US at 29.97FPS due to the differences of electrical wattage available. The US over come the problem by dropping a frame every couple of pictures.     

The Process

To begin with I drew down my animation idea on to a story board of what will happen in the animation. with a brief written statement of what happens in the scene. 

Then using A6 paper I drew out each movement of the animation on a different piece slightly different from the previous image to create a step by step motion through the animation. 

using I stop motion I downloaded the pictures on the computer to create the animation on the video 

Edweard Muybridge

Muybridge and his influence on stop motion

and achievements in photography

Eadweard Muybridge (Edward James Muggeridge, Muggeridge Muybridge Helios Florado Muybridge Eduardo Santiargo Muybridge)  was a pioneer of photography in the latter 1900s, applying his skills on both sides of the Atlantic, born on the side of the river Thames to a family of coal merchants.  With the prospects of taking over the family business Muybridge travelled to America for greater prospects.  Initially worked as a bookseller in San Francisco before selling up to his brother. With the intentions of returning to the UK. Unfortunately on the way Muybridge stagecoach crashed landing at the bottom of a ditch, sustaining some sort of head injury. Muybridge stayed in hospital for three months recovering from double vision and impaired senses, a year after the crash Muybridge returned to Europe for final treatment, here Muybridge took up the hobby of photography, for the next six years Muybridge traveled Europe learning his new hobby from the best photographers as well as landscape painters of the time.  In 1867 Muybridge returned to America as a landscape and architecture photographer. Where his fame emerged with the lighthouse series. Due to the complicated manipulation of the images and the story the pictures portrays.  Muybridge once described it as tedious and careful manipulation.  The Photoshop of the day, a dark room came in the form of a converted stagecoach, as the negatives needed to be processed  on site since they dried out quickly.  

The Yosemite Valley in California is where his photography gained fame as he showed the grand nature and expanses of the wilderness, especially when people became dwarfs to the height of the mountain landscape.  Muybridge was a perfectionist and would take out anything which stood in the way of the perfect picture, regularly cutting down large areas of trees to get the shot. His fame was due to the industrial revolution at the same time, wealthy people saw the un-tamed wilderness as fashionable, with everyone wanting a piece of his work.

Professionally life couldn’t be any better he had found work fame for his photography but at home it couldn’t have been any different his wife Flora half his age was pregnant with their first and only child, Flora was a quite flirt resulting in an affair with Major Harry Lankyns possible father to their son Florado. In October 1874 Muybridge tracked down the Major, upon finding him Muybridge said “Good evening, Major, my name is Muybridge and here’s your answer to the letter you sent my wife” shooting him 1” from his left nipple.  Muybridge was arrested and tried for murder. Where he was found not guilty of the charges although he stated his actions was deliberate and pre meditated.

Shortly after he was acquitted Muybridge left the United States on a pre-planned 9 month trip to Central America documenting the coffee plantations. Arriving back in America Muybridge reunited with an old friend former governor Leland Stanford a race horse owner to find out weather for sure all four feet of an horse are of the ground at the same time when trotting.  The human eye itself couldn’t break down the action of a horse with all four feet of the ground. In 1872 Muybridge showed and settled Stanford’s question with a single negative of his horse Occident with all four hooves of the floor.  Muybridge achieved this feet by setting out a course of a white background and floor to contrast the horse to prove the theory eliminating doubt from peers. With the technology of the time cameras was very basic with a manual shutter after the set exposure, Muybridge knew if he wanted to prove this theory he had to create an automatic shutter, When he did, the shutter consisted of a box with a black slide which dropped covering the lens of the camera, the shutter was activated when the horse broke the string on the course, Muybridge also knew one camera would get the shot required, on the course he created at Stanford’s stables he set up 24 cameras in a row with the hope of capturing the horse in flight.

After his discovery of stop motion and then his passing in 1904, he became an large influence on people creating films such as the Matrix, using the same process but with modern technology. Thomas Edison was also influenced by Muybridge as he further developed the slow-motion camera.